土壤可以储存多少有机碳? 澳大利亚土壤的碳封存潜力
R A Viscarra Rossel1, R Webster2, M Zhang1
1Soil & Landscape Science, School of Molecular & Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Global change biology
|January 26, 2024
概括
澳大利亚的土壤中含有大量的矿物相关有机碳 (MAOC),其实质性赤字表明碳捕获潜力很高. 这项研究绘制了需要土壤管理以加强碳储存的地区的地图.
科学领域:
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 碳封存是一种碳封存技术.
背景情况:
- 土壤是主要的碳储存库,但准确量化最大碳储存能力,特别是矿物相关有机碳 (MAOC),仍然具有挑战性.
- 估计MAOC的现有方法通常依赖于一般关系,无法捕捉上限,导致不可靠的预测.
- 需要一种更强大的方法来估计土壤碳储存的最大潜力.
研究的目的:
- 开发和应用一种新方法来估计澳大利亚土壤中最大潜在的矿物相关有机碳 (MAOC) 储存量.
- 量化目前的MAOC赤字,并确定整个澳大利亚碳捕获潜力最大的地区.
- 了解影响MAOC储存和赤字的关键因素. 在大陆范围内.
主要方法:
- 利用5089个土壤观测数据集,估计澳大利亚土壤上方30厘米的总MAOC.
- 开发并安装"边界线"到MAOC与粘土+砂关系之间,按土壤类型分层,以确定最大储存潜力.
- 采用机器学习和与外部漂移的 kriging 来绘制澳大利亚各地的MAOC赤字和封存潜力,考虑气候,植被和矿物学.
主要成果:
- 据估计,澳大利亚最高30厘米的土壤含有13Gt的MAOC.
- 计算出大陆的MAOC赤字为40 Gt,这表明有很大的碳捕获潜力.
- 确定了广的牧场 (20.84 Gt 缺口) 和耕地 (1.63 Gt 缺口) 作为潜在碳增强的关键领域.
结论:
- 澳大利亚的土壤拥有大量未开发的碳封存潜力,估计有40 Gt的MAOC.
- 气候,植被和土壤矿物学是整个大陆MAOC变化的主要驱动因素.
- 优先地区的有针对性的土壤管理战略,特别是牧场,可以通过碳捕获释放出显著的环境,社会和经济效益.
相关概念视频
The Carbon Cycle
37.6K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
37.6K
The Soil Ecosystem
19.9K
Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not only on the chemical constituents but also on the presence of living organisms. In general, soils contain three major components:
19.9K
The Calvin Benson Cycle
4.5K
Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
4.5K
Bioremediation
18.4K
Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
18.4K
C4 Pathway and CAM
45.5K
Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
45.5K
The Sulfur Cycle
44.2K
Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
44.2K


