首次响应人员和居民是否同样看待风险? 这是一项对七个国家的比较研究
Nathan Stolero1, Sahar Elkady2, Leire Labaka2
1Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Frontiers in psychology
|January 26, 2024
概括
在不同国家,公众和急救人员之间的风险感知不同. 应急人员认为环境事件的风险更高,而公众则认为流行病和基础设施故障的风险更高.
科学领域:
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 应急管理 应急管理
背景情况:
- 风险感知是对危险的主观评估,并影响保护行为.
- 了解公众和急救人员等利益相关者之间的不同风险感知对于有效的安全措施至关重要.
- 利益相关者对风险的看法可以根据他们的角色和经验而有很大差异.
研究的目的:
- 调查和比较第一响应者和公众之间的风险感知水平.
- 在七个欧洲和非欧洲国家的风险感知中确定共同点和差异.
- 分析五个不同的风险类别的风险感知变化:极端天气,与自然有关的事件,社会破坏,关键基础设施依赖和流行病.
主要方法:
- 一项跨国研究,涉及从第一响应者和平民收集数据.
- 使用自我管理的问卷来评估风险感知水平.
- 使用单变量差异分析 (ANOVA) 来分析风险感知中的差异.
主要成果:
- 在公众和第一响应者之间的风险感知水平和相对排名中发现了显著的差异.
- 在大多数国家,第一响应者报告说,他们对极端天气和与自然有关的事件的风险感知更高.
- 在大多数国家,公众报告了对关键基础设施依赖和流行病的风险感知较高.
结论:
- 风险感知主要在第一响应者和公众之间有所不同,根据风险类别的不同模式.
- 这些差异的幅度是国家特定的,有些国家显示出实质性的差异,而另一些国家显示出最小的差距.
- 调查结果强调,需要针对不同利益相关者群体量身定制的风险沟通和风险管理策略.
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