人类血统中的瘤性BRCA1,2突变-性选择的副产品?
Tatyana V Korneenko1, Nikolay B Pestov1,2,3
1Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia.
Biomedicines
|January 26, 2024
概括
BRCA1和BRCA2突变增加了癌症的风险,特别是在乳腺和卵巢. 进化因素,包括性选择和哺乳期,可能会解释为什么人类有更大的乳房,但没有比例更高的乳腺癌风险.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 在瘤学瘤学.
背景情况:
- 尽管BRCA1和BRCA2基因的表达在各处,但突变主要提高了乳腺和卵巢的癌症风险.
- 尽管人类拥有更大的乳腺组织,但人类和大猿之间在上皮癌风险 (包括乳腺癌) 中存在显著差异.
研究的目的:
- 重新评估BRCA1和BRCA2突变的进化起源的假设.
- 探索可能影响人类乳腺组织发育和癌症风险的进化压力,如性选择和哺乳期.
- 为了研究人类乳腺癌风险的"器官特异性",这表明与乳腺大小的相关性很小.
主要方法:
- 对BRCA1/BRCA2突变和组织特异性致癌现有文献的综述.
- 在人类和大猿之间对癌症风险和乳腺组织特征的比较分析.
- 重新评估关于人类癌症倾向的进化假设.
主要成果:
- 人类的乳房大小在进化过程中增加了,可能是由于性选择和哺乳.
- 尽管乳腺尺寸更大,但人类乳腺癌的风险并没有相应地增加,这表明平衡进化机制.
- 佩托悖论在人类乳腺癌中观察到,在这种情况下,风险与乳腺大小的相关性很小.
结论:
- 进化因素,包括性选择和哺乳期,可能影响了人类乳腺发育和癌症风险.
- 尚未发现的生物机制可能会抵消与乳腺组织进化变化相关的癌症风险增加.
- 了解这些进化动态可以为乳腺癌预防和治疗策略提供新的见解.
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