在8-25岁的孩子中,在学习新的语法时,大脑激活的发育变化
W M Menks1, C Ekerdt2, K Lemhöfer2
1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
成年人在学习新的语法方面表现优于儿童,这与普遍认为的相反. 大脑激活模式是相似的,但年幼的孩子表现出较少的神经活动,影响语法学习的成功.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 众所周知,语法学习的成功与年龄不同,但根本原因尚不清楚.
- 以前的假设表明,在第二语言学习方面,儿童比成年人有优势.
研究的目的:
- 调查年龄对语法学习能力及其神经相关的直接影响.
- 检查功能性MRI (fMRI) 在广泛的年龄范围内隐性语法学习期间的激活.
主要方法:
- 功能性MRI (fMRI) 用于研究165名8-25岁的荷兰语人士.
- 参与者在接受fMRI扫描时隐式地学习了一个新的语法系统.
- 收集和分析了关于语法学习表现的行为数据.
主要成果:
- 成年人在语法学习中表现优于儿童,挑战了童年优势的概念.
- 从8岁到15.4岁观察到年龄和表现之间的显著正线性相关性,在这个年龄之外没有进一步的影响.
- fMRI数据显示,在学习过程中,成人和儿童的大脑区域激活的程度相似,但儿童的激活水平较低.
结论:
- 初步语法学习的神经网络在整个发育过程中似乎是连续的.
- 神经激活水平的年龄相关差异,特别是在年轻人中,可能会影响语法学习的发展轨迹.
- 这些发现为第二语言语法学习中年龄相关变化的神经基础提供了新的见解.
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