类固醇中远程功能化反应:发现和应用
1Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
Steroids
|January 26, 2024
概括
本综述涵盖了2001-2022年远程类固醇功能化方面的进展,详细介绍了诸如Schönecker氧化和 hypohalite 反应等方法. 这些技术可以合成复杂的,生物活性类固醇.
科学领域:
- 有机化学 有机化学
- 药用化学 医学化学
- 合成化学 合成化学
背景情况:
- 类固醇功能化对于产生生物活性化合物至关重要.
- 在类固醇中选择性修改远程位置带来了重大合成挑战.
- 催化和氧化方法的进步扩大了类固醇修饰的可能性.
研究的目的:
- 审查2001年至2022年期间发表的类固醇中远程位置功能化的方法.
- 突出这些功能化技术在生物活性化合物的合成中的应用.
- 为远程类固醇站点提供既定和新型激活方法的概述.
主要方法:
- 使用,,,和为中心的二烯与PIDA氧化剂进行氧化.
- 在三级中心使用二氧化的基化.
- 对于选择性C-12功能化而使用的Schönecker氧化.
- 铁催化氧化与过氧化和酸.
- 苏亚雷斯条件 (低合物反应) 用于远程化.
- 类固醇-3β-二乙酸盐的催化分解.
- 基于和铁的乙酸盐催化.
- 基辐射和乙烯的α-氧化.
主要成果:
- 通过使用各种催化系统,在众多偏远位置 (例如C-1, -5, -6, -7, -11, -12, -14, -15, -16, -17, -18, -19, -20, -24, -25) 成功化.
- 为选择性C-12功能化开发和应用施尼克克氧化方法.
- 综合复杂的生物活性分子,包括环胺,头素-1,皮质素A和其他,利用关键的功能化步骤.
- 在天然产品合成中证明C-18/C-19功能化的低酸盐化学作用.
结论:
- 在远程类固醇位置的选择性功能化方面取得了重大进展.
- 这些进步为合成复杂,生物相关的类固醇衍生物提供了强大的工具.
- 审查的方法为访问具有潜在治疗应用的新型类固醇化合物提供了多种策略.
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