在干燥时的营养限制对性能和新陈代谢的影响
L Cattaneo1, V Lopreiato2, F Piccioli-Cappelli1
1Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Journal of dairy science
|January 26, 2024
概括
在干燥前降低营养密度,可显著降低奶牛的产量. 这种饮食变化会影响牛的新陈代谢和功能,但对随后的哺乳期表现没有持久的影响.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 牛奶牛的营养 牛奶牛的营养
- 动物的新陈代谢
背景情况:
- 现代奶牛在哺乳期晚期经常保持高牛奶产量,当挤奶突然停止时,这会给健康带来风险.
- 全球范围内都在采用饮食限制策略,以管理干燥时的牛奶产量.
- 了解干燥期营养限制对新陈代谢和生理的影响对于奶牛的福利至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估降低营养密度 (营养限制,NR) 在干燥时对牛奶生产,新陈代谢,乳汁发酵和牛奶脂肪酸概况的影响.
- 为了比较NR的效果与接受标准哺乳饮食的对照组 (CTR) 在干燥前.
- 评估干燥养策略的短期和周周周期后果.
主要方法:
- 26只荷尔斯坦牛被配对并分配给营养限制 (NR) 饮食 (?? 草干草) 或控制 (CTR) 哺乳饮食在干燥前一周.
- 两个小组都接受了草干燥后的7天,随意获得水.
- 血液,牛奶和乳毛液的样本从预干燥到28天的牛奶 (DIM) 中收集;牛奶产量,干物摄入量 (DMI) 和反被监测.
主要成果:
- 与CTR相比,NR奶牛的牛奶产量下降了62%,在干燥时乳糖降低,牛奶脂肪和蛋白质含量增加.
- 在NR奶牛中,代谢资料显示葡萄糖,尿素和胰岛素降低,但肌素,β-基酸 (BHB) 和非化脂肪酸 (NEFA) 增加.
- 乳液分析表明NR奶牛的pH和乙酸值较高,乳酸,尿素,总挥发性脂肪酸 (VFA),酸和丁酸盐较低;牛奶脂肪酸概况转向中长链脂肪酸.
结论:
- 在干燥前降低营养密度有效地降低了牛奶产量,但显著改变了牛的新陈代谢,乳发酵和牛奶脂肪酸成分.
- 虽然NR奶牛经历了代谢变化,但在随后的哺乳期没有观察到牛奶产量或成分的显著差异.
- 需要进一步的研究来探索这些代谢转变对炎症反应,肝功能和免疫状况,特别是乳腺健康的长期影响.
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