,

Colin Swigler1, Keegan M Hones1, Joseph J King2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida, 3450 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.

概括

患者的生活质量和烟草使用影响手术后的疼痛控制. 优化这些因素可能会减少阿片类药物处方和提高患者安全.