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在复杂的矩阵中检测和特定化学识别亚毫米塑料碎片,如堆肥

Thomas Steiner¹, Lisa-Cathrin Leitner², Yuanhu Zhang²

¹Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.

Scientific reports

|January 27, 2024

概括

这项研究引入了一种新方法,用于检测堆肥中的小微塑料. 在生物废物复合物中发现了可生物降解的塑料,聚乙烯基酸盐 (PBAT),可能分解成更小的颗粒.

科学领域:

环境科学环境科学
分析化学分析化学
聚合物科学聚合物科学

背景情况:

堆肥中的塑料污染日益令人担忧,研究主要集中在较大的微塑料 (>1毫米) 上.
较小的亚毫米微塑料 (<1毫米) 构成重大环境风险,但在复杂的堆肥基质中难以识别.
现有的方法难以准确量化和描述堆肥中的微塑料,这阻碍了环境风险评估.

研究的目的:

开发和验证一种基于数量,尺寸和聚合物类型的堆肥中分析微塑料颗粒 (0.011.0毫米) 的新方法.
调查各种市政设施的堆肥样本中微塑料的存在和特征,包括可生物降解的塑料.
评估微塑料的潜在分解和环境命运,特别是堆肥中的聚乙烯基酸盐 (PBAT) (PBAT).

主要方法:

开发一种新的分析方法,以识别和量化堆肥中的微塑料颗粒从0.01到1.0毫米.
应用该方法分析来自八个不同的市政堆肥厂的堆肥样本中的微塑料含量.
聚合物类型的表征,包括聚乙烯 (PE),聚烯 (PP) 和聚乙烯基酸合甲基 (PBAT) 的表征,并评估使用酸提取的PBAT分解.

主要成果:

聚烯 (PP) 在亚毫米微塑料分量 (<1毫米) 中比聚乙烯 (PE) 更为普遍.
来自生物垃圾的复合材料含有独特的聚乙烯基酸盐 (PBAT) 微塑料,通常形成最大的分数.
分析表明,PBAT分解成更小的颗粒,但不一定减少质量,没有证据表明PBAT是寡合体或单合体.

结论:

开发的方法可以准确分析堆肥中的小微塑料,与较大的碎片相比,揭示了不同的聚合物配置.
生物废物复合物是可生物降解塑料微塑料 (PBAT) 的重要来源,这些微塑料经历碎片化,但不能完全生物降解.
通过堆肥应用释放的微塑料的命运和环境影响在很大程度上未被调查,需要进一步研究.

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