空气传播的SARS-CoV2病毒暴露,人际距离,面罩和感染感知风险
Ola Svenson1,2, Freja Isohanni3, Ilkka Salo4
1Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. osn@psychology.su.se.
Scientific reports
|January 27, 2024
概括
人们低估了接触感染者时感染风险增加的速度,这凸显了风险感知上的差距,这对空气传播病毒的传播至关重要.
科学领域:
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 行为科学是一种行为科学.
- 风险感知 风险感知
背景情况:
- 了解公众对感染风险的看法对于流行病期间有效的公共卫生干预至关重要.
- 之前的研究表明,人们对隔离有普遍的认识,但对与近距离发生风险变化的准确感知却不那么了解.
- 随着COVID-19大流行,人们需要评估个人如何评估与SARS-CoV-2等空气传播病原体相关的风险.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究个人如何感知感染风险在与感染者不同的人际距离,有和没有面具使用.
- 将感知风险变化与客观风险变化进行比较,随着距离的变化.
- 在COVID-19大流行期间探索风险感知,保护行为和个人特征之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 参与者在与模拟感染个体 (蒙面/不蒙面) 的不同距离的面对面对话中评估了感染风险.
- 一个问卷评估了COVID-19相关问题和个人保护行为.
- 测量了认知计算能力和一般/COVID-19担忧,以探索相关性.
主要成果:
- 参与者显著低估了接近感染者时感染风险增加的速度 (例如,感知3.33x与目标9.00x从1.5m增加到0.5m).
- 移居时感知到的风险降低也被低估了.
- 面罩的感知有效性是准确的;然而,风险判断与个人口罩使用或大流行期间的社交距离行为无关.
- 更高的一般性和COVID-19担忧与保护性行为相关,但与基于距离的风险判断无关.
- 认知计算能力与准确的口罩效率判断有积极的相关性;女性报告的担忧和避免率高于男性.
结论:
- 个人在理解空气传播感染风险随着人际距离的减少而增加的非线性增加方面表现出显著的缺陷.
- 这种低估可能会导致不知不觉地从事高风险行为.
- 风险传播策略应强调近距离风险升级的度,以加强公众对保护措施的坚持.
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