园林路径句子的因果关系和信号
Daphne Wang1, Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh1
1Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.
概括
我们引入了一种新的方法,使用预设来模拟语言中的语法模两可. 这种方法改善了对人类分析困难的预测,超过了现有的惊喜模型.
科学领域:
- 语言处理的数学基础.
- 计算语言学和心理语言学.
- 束理论应用于自然语言的应用.
背景情况:
- 集束和预集是组织数据的数学工具.
- 在此之前,Presheaves已经在自然语言中模拟了词汇模两可.
- 语法模两可和花园路径句子对当前的模型如surpris.al.提出了挑战.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用presheaves来建模语法模两可.
- 为了研究在人类语言解析中花园路径的现象.
- 开发一种用于分析难度的新预测测量.
主要方法:
- 使用预设来表示语法模两可.
- 使用BERT (变压器的双向编码器表示) 的概率计算"信号度".
- 在两个心理语言学数据集上评估模型的预测.
主要成果:
- 信号的程度成功地区分了简单和艰难的花园路径句子.
- 新的测量结果显示,与一个数据集中的surprisal相比,花园路径效应更大.
- 改进了人类阅读时间的预测准确性,在语法模两可的解析中.
结论:
- 普雷希夫提供了一个强大的框架,用于模拟语法模两可.
- 信号的程度是分析难度的更有效的预测指标,而不是惊喜.
- 这项工作推进了人类语言处理的计算模型.
更多相关视频
06:15Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
Published on: October 3, 2018
7.7K
05:35Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
Published on: April 19, 2017
6.7K
相关概念视频
Intracellular Signaling Cascades
46.9K
Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
46.9K
Short-distance Transport of Resources
16.0K
Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
16.0K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
6.3K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
6.3K
Overview of Cell Signaling
20.3K
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
20.3K
Cell Signaling in Plants
5.6K
Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
5.6K
Parasympathetic Signaling
1.9K
Parasympathetic signaling plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes. It involves the release of acetylcholine (ACh) by parasympathetic neurons, which can have localized and short-lived effects. The majority of ACh released is rapidly inactivated at the synapse by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which hydrolyzes Ach into choline and acetate. Additionally, the tissue cholinesterase deactivates any ACh diffusing into the surrounding tissues.
The effects of...
The effects of...
1.9K
