社会经济地位与学术成绩之间的关系是由执行职能调解和调节的
Qiong Hu1, Yanlin Zhou1, Canmei Xu2
1Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Journal of youth and adolescence
|January 28, 2024
概括
执行职能 (EF) 在关联社会经济地位 (SES) 和学术成就方面发挥着双重作用. EF调解了SES的积极影响,并缓和了其负面影响,特别是对于低SES的孩子来说,EF较低.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 社会经济地位 (SES) 与学业成绩有关,执行职能 (EF) 被提出为一个关键机制.
- 以前的研究已经单独研究了EF的调解或调节作用,可能忽视了复杂的相互作用.
研究的目的:
- 在一个单一的模型中,研究执行职能 (EF) 在家庭社会经济地位 (SES) 和学业成就之间的关系中的调解和调节作用.
- 为了更全面地了解EF如何影响SES对儿童学业成功的影响.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及236名中国五年级学生的纵向研究,在一年内进行了评估.
- 执行功能是用八个任务来衡量的;学术成绩是通过学校的识字和数学评估来评估的.
- 父母的SES也被记录下来.
主要成果:
- 家长的SES积极预测学术成绩,即使在对先前成绩进行控制之后.
- 发现执行职能 (EF) 可以调解SES和学业成绩之间的关系.
- EF调节了SES-成就的联系:低SES仅对具有较低EF的儿童产生负面影响,而不是那些具有更高EF的儿童.
结论:
- 执行职能 (EF) 表现出双重作用,调解积极的SES影响和缓解对学业成绩的负面SES影响.
- 调查结果强调了在制定支持来自不同社会经济背景的儿童的干预措施时考虑个别EF水平的重要性.
- 有针对性的EF干预可以潜在地减轻低SES对学术成果的不利影响.
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