谁开了那个子弹? 弹子组成特性作为一种进化方法,用于增强弹道学证据分析
Ashley Newland1, Emilynn Banks2, Jan Halámek1
1The Institute for Forensic Science, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, 1207 Gilbert Drive, Lubbock, Texas 79416, United States.
ACS omega
|January 29, 2024
概括
这项研究引入了原子吸收光谱 (AAS) 来分析表面痕中的子弹材料,在缺少物理弹道时提供客观证据. 这种方法增强了法医分析,并支持刑事调查中的专家结论.
科学领域:
- 法医科学 法医科学 法医科学
- 分析化学 分析化学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
背景情况:
- 法医工具标记和枪支检查意见面临审查,因为不可接受的证据.
- 没有实物弹道证据可以导致错误的定罪和未解决的案件.
研究的目的:
- 为弹道分析中的主观结论提供解决方案.
- 在没有完整的物理证据的情况下,开发一种分析子弹组成的方法.
主要方法:
- 使用原子吸收光谱 (AAS) 分析子弹材料.
- 从子弹撞击造成的表面划痕中提取和分析金属沉积物.
主要成果:
- 原子吸收光谱学成功地将制造商之间的子弹组成与表面痕区分开来.
- 建立了用于分析金属沉积物的概念验证,以证实现有的显微镜技术.
结论:
- 这种新的分析方法可以改善犯罪现场调查程序,特别是当物质证据稀缺时.
- 该技术有可能提高弹道学专家结论的科学价值.
- 未来的研究可以扩展这种方法,以区分桶制造商和发射子弹和弹.
相关概念视频
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab
163
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
163
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview
2.2K
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
2.2K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
437
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
437
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences
474
Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
474


