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"值得"和公众对普遍公共产品的支持:一项调查实验

Thomas Gift¹, Carlos X Lastra-Anadón²

¹Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, University College London, London, UK.

Public opinion quarterly

|January 30, 2024

概括

公众对政府开支的态度受到受益人动机的看法的影响. 即使在普遍公共产品 (UPG) 中,当公民将用户视为没有动机的非贡献者时,公民也可能支持更少的资金.

科学领域:

政治科学政治科学是指政治学.
行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
公共政策公共政策

背景情况:

选民对社会支出的支持往往取决于受益人的动机和贡献 (例如,工作,税收) 的看法.
"值得的启发式"通常适用于经过手段测试的程序,但其扩展到通用公共产品 (UPG) 仍然不太了解.
减少UPG资金以排除"没有动机"的个人,矛盾地降低了所有人的获取机会,包括那些个人重视商品的人.

研究的目的:

调查公众对"没有动机"非贡献者的看法是否会影响对普遍公共产品 (UPG) 的支持.
检查是否值得的启发式超越了目标福利,扩展到诸如医疗保健之类的普遍服务.

主要方法:

在英国进行了一项全国代表性的调查实验.
参与者被随机分配,将国家卫生服务 (NHS) 的用户视为"有动力"或"没有动力"的非贡献者.
对NHS支出的支持在实验条件下进行了测量.

主要成果:

受访者表示对国家卫生服务 (NHS) 支出的支持减少,当他们考虑用户是"没有动机"的非贡献者时.
虽然效应大小很小,但这表明,即使在通用系统中,也可能存在对被认为是非贡献者的潜在偏见.
总体而言,支出偏好仍然相对较高,这表明启发式的影响在现有支持水平内运作.

结论:

值得的启发式可以塑造公众对政府支出对普遍计划的态度,而不仅仅是针对性的计划.
对受益者动机的看法,即使对于普遍可用的服务,也会影响政策偏好.
调查结果强调了个人态度,公平和对公共服务的支持之间的复杂相互作用.

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