在平面曲线冲刺过程中,最大速度和特定腿部的地面反应力产生与半径的变化
Gabriela B Diaz1, Ryan S Alcantara1, Alena M Grabowski1,2
1Applied Biomechanics Lab, University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Integrative Physiology, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
在曲线上冲刺会减缓最大速度 (vmax),原因是接触长度减少和地面反应力 (GRF) 发生变化. 运动员调整腿部的GRF产量,特别是在更紧的曲线上,影响速度.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 竞技表现运动员的表现
背景情况:
- 与直径相比,在曲线上最大速度 (vmax) 减少了.
- 中心地面反应力 (GRF) 生产和曲线半径的影响vmax.
- 在曲线冲刺过程中,内部和外部腿之间存在GRF的差异.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定曲线半径和曲线方向对vmax,动力学和短跑车的GRF的影响.
- 将实验vmax数据与现有的预测模型进行比较.
- 为了研究短跑者如何调整他们的生物力学来保持曲线上的速度.
主要方法:
- 九名竞技短跑者 (8名男子,1名女子) 在直径和曲线 (17.2米和36.5米半径) 上以时针方向 (CW) 和逆时针方向 (CCW) 进行了短跑.
- 测量vmax,步动力学和单个腿的GRF.
- 将实验数据与三个预测模型进行比较.
主要成果:
- 与直径相比,Vmax降低了10.0% (17.2米半径) 和4.1% (36.5米半径).
- 预测模型高估了实验vmax高达3.5%.
- 接触长度减少,结果的GRF随着曲线半径的缩小而增加.
- 内腿产生了更大的心向型GRF;垂直GRF在曲线上的内腿较低.
- 在给定的曲线半径中,CCW冲刺比CW冲刺快1.6%.
结论:
- 短跑者减少接触长度和调节腿部GRF随着曲线半径的减少,可能限制vmax.
- 当前的预测模型可能无法完全捕捉曲线冲刺期间的生物机械适应.
- 了解这些适应对于优化在曲轨道上冲刺表现至关重要.
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