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对宏观水平冲击的反应和利用大数据重新检查适应理论
Talita Greyling1,2, Stephanié Rossouw3,4
1School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
PloS one
|January 31, 2024
概括
全球冲击,如封锁和战争,显著减少了幸福感. 然而,人们在2-3周内适应了,这表明尽管存在不同的冲击影响,但国民总幸福率 (GNH) 具有弹性.
科学领域:
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
背景情况:
- COVID-19 流行病和乌克兰的入侵代表了前所未有的全球性冲击.
- 虽然健康和经济影响是公认的,但这些宏观事件对公众幸福感的影响需要进一步调查.
- 了解适应宏观水平的冲击对于在社会层面测试已建立的心理理论至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定监管 (封锁) 和冲突 (战争) 冲击对国家幸福水平的影响.
- 为了比较这些不同类型的宏观水平冲击对幸福的差异性影响.
- 为了评估这些冲击后适应以前的幸福水平的持续时间,测试宏观层面的适应理论.
主要方法:
- 利用来自十个半球国家的实时推文的独特数据集.
- 应用自然语言处理 (NLP) 来得出情绪分数并计算每天的国民总幸福率 (GNH).
- 将Twitter数据与牛津大学的COVID-19政府响应追踪器集成;使用差异分析和事件研究分析.
主要成果:
- 封锁规定和入侵冲击都显著降低了国家幸福水平.
- 锁定冲击对幸福的影响被发现比入侵冲击更大.
- 对于两种冲击类型,在两到三周的时间范围内观察到适应以前的幸福水平.
结论:
- 宏观层面的冲击,包括封锁和战争,显然会减少社会幸福感.
- 这些发现支持宏观层面的适应理论,幸福的恢复相对较快.
- 了解对幸福的冲击影响对于决策者来说至关重要,因为幸福对生产,安全和信任等社会因素的溢出效应.
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