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相关概念视频

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

10.6K
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

22.0K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
21.2K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.1K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

56.4K
Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
56.4K
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation
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Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation

Published on: February 1, 2019

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在同名网站上的选择:不需要的转录假设.

Sofia Radrizzani1,2, Grzegorz Kudla3, Zsuzsanna Izsvák4

  • 1Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK.

Nature reviews. Genetics
|January 31, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

人类同名突变可能通过影响基因序列来保护不受欢迎的RNA. 这种选择有利于高GC含量,避免AU/CpG丰富的转录,这对于原生信使RNA (mRNA) 和RNA疫苗至关重要.

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A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing
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Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
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Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation
10:21

Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation

Published on: February 1, 2019

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A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing
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A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

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Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
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科学领域:

  • 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.

背景情况:

  • 人类的同名突变受到选择,但主要不是为了转化效率.
  • 在人类中同义地点选择的作用仍然不完全理解.
  • 之前的假设集中在与tRNA丰富度相关的编码子使用偏差上.

研究的目的:

  • 提出并支持一种新的假设,用于人类同义地点选择.
  • 解释同义地点选择作为一种防御不良RNA的机制.
  • 阐明RNA序列组成和结构在基因调节和识别中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 关于RNA处理,降解和细胞运输的现有文献的审查和综合.
  • 在原生mRNA中分析序列特征 (GC含量,CpG抑制,内子存在).
  • 这些特征与区分原生和不需要的转录的细胞机制的相关性.

主要成果:

  • 人类的同义地点选择被假设是为了防止虚假,错误拼接或外来RNAs.
  • 高GC含量和低CpG含量,以及内部特征,被确定为功能原生mRNA的特征.
  • 像转录,核出口和RNA降解等细胞过程有利于富含GC的转录,抑制富含AU/CpG的转录.
  • 子的使用已经演变为避免AU/CpG丰富的序列,这些序列是细胞"陷"的目标.
  • 这些RNA过器也会影响内体RNA进口,支持这一假设.

结论:

  • 在人类中,同义地点选择作为对抗不需要的RNA分子的防御机制.
  • 观察到的选择压力塑造了本地mRNA序列,以被细胞机械识别为此.
  • 这种理解为成功的转基因和RNA疫苗的设计原则提供了洞察力.