从狼到人类:口腔微生物组的抵抗力转移到哺乳动物宿主
Nicholas A Podar1, Alyssa A Carrell2, Kira A Cassidy3
1School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
mBio
|February 1, 2024
概括
狗,狼和人类的口腔微生物组是不同的,狗在化后显示出增加的微生物多样性. 主体和本地微生物限制了新细菌的转移,即使是在像狗和狼这样的密切相关物种之间.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 哺乳动物的口腔是复杂微生物群落的宿主,它们与宿主共同进化.
- 了解哺乳动物进化中的口腔微生物群多样性对于了解宿主微生物相互作用和健康至关重要.
- 化和同居引发了关于人类和狗等物之间的微生物交换的问题.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较狗,野狼和人类的口腔微生物组.
- 研究这些密切相关的哺乳动物物种中的微生物多样性和特异性.
- 为了确定由于化和密切的相互作用,人类和狗之间是否发生了微生物交换.
主要方法:
- 使用元基因组测序对口腔微生物组合的比较分析.
- 口腔细菌系的遗传学分析.
- 在物种和菌株层面检查微生物群落结构.
主要成果:
- 狗表现出比狼更高的微生物多样性,这可能与养期间的饮食转变有关.
- 在人类和犬类之间,口腔微生物组在物种/菌株层面上高度不同,只有少数共同的种群.
- 狼和狗之间密切的进化关系反映在共同的口腔种群中,但人类-狗微生物转移的证据是微不足道的.
- 遗传学分析表明,哺乳动物 (猿类和类) 血统的多样化,而不是稳定的物种间转移.
结论:
- 与宿主相关的口腔微生物组和本地社区有效地限制了新外源微生物的同化,即使是在密切相关的物种之间.
- 化和同居似乎没有促进人类和狗之间的显著稳定的微生物交换.
- 这些发现突出了宿主在控制口腔微生物群落聚集和抵抗新型病原体获取方面的作用.
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