息地的异质性限制了通过负频率依赖选择维持的猎物颜色多态性.
Gopal Murali1, Ullasa Kodandaramaiah1, Sami Merilaita2
1IISER-TVM Centre for Research and Education in Ecology and Evolution (ICREEE), School of Biology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
Journal of evolutionary biology
|February 1, 2024
概括
负频率依赖选择可以在异质环境中促进猎物多态性,但只有当适应性差异很小时. 猎物和捕食者的移动性影响了这种局部变异的维持.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
背景情况:
- 稳定选择通常会减少特征变异,使非中性特征多态性持久性变得神秘.
- 负频率依赖选择 (NFDS) 偏好罕见的变体,可能在猎物颜色中保持多态性.
- 息地异质性可能会强加破坏性选择,导致颜色形态的空间分离.
研究的目的:
- 调查NFDS是否可以克服息地异质性,以促进当地猎物多态化.
- 评估猎物和捕食者的移动性对维持局部多态化的影响.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个基于个体的模型来模拟在异质环境中猎物和捕食者之间的相互作用.
- 该模型结合了频率依赖的掠食,息地特定的适应性差异,以及不同程度的猎物和掠食者移动性.
- 模拟探索了基因流和形态频率的空间变化如何影响局部多态.
主要成果:
- NFDS强烈促进了当地的猎物多态性,但只有当形态之间的补丁特定的健康差异最小时.
- 捕食者搜索图像适应和猎物种群结构影响了NFDS的有效性.
- 猎物基因流动部分抵消了局部选择,促进了多态性,而突然的空间形态频率变化阻碍了基于移动捕食者的多态性维护.
结论:
- 在特定条件下,NFDS可以在空间异质的环境中维护本地猎物多态性.
- 在NFDS,息地异质性和移动模式之间的平衡对于特征变异的持久性至关重要.
- 有限的适应性差异和特定的捕食者-猎物动态是NFDS克服空间隔离的必要条件.
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