慢性感染控制依赖于由N-核酸多样性产生的较低外来抗原结合强度的T细胞
Hassan Jamaleddine1, Dakota Rogers1,2, Geneviève Perreault2
1Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
PLoS biology
|February 1, 2024
概括
终端脱核样转移酶 (TdT) 增强了T细胞受体 (TCR) 的多样性,通过包括较低亲和力的TCR来使慢性感染受益. 这有助于在高亲和性T细胞耗尽时改善病原体控制.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 计算生物学 计算生物学
背景情况:
- T细胞受体 (TCRs) 决定了病原体的反应范围.
- 终端脱核样转移酶 (TdT) 通过N-核酸添加产生>90%的TCR序列多样性.
- TdT介导的TCR多样性的功能优势仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查TdT驱动的TCR多样性是否有助于急性或慢性病原体控制.
- 确定较低抗原结合强度 (pMHC) 的TCR是否有助于这种益处.
- 探索TdT在T细胞耗尽和感染解决中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在感染期间的TCR亲和力转移的计算建模.
- 使用TdT缺乏的小鼠和病毒/真菌病原体进行实验验证.
- 分析T细胞受体库和主要基因相容性复合体 (pMHC) 的结合强度.
主要成果:
- 计算模型预测慢性感染期间将转向低pMHC反应率的TCR.
- 消除低pMHC反应性的TCRs延长了长期的感染清除 in silico.
- 缺TdT的小鼠显示慢性病毒感染的清除受损,但不是急性病毒感染.
- 与TdT多样化的TCRs对T细胞失败的慢性真菌病原体没有任何好处.
结论:
- 以TdT为媒介的TCR多样性对于解决长时间的病原体复制至关重要.
- 这种好处来自于包括抗功能耗尽的低亲和度TCR.
- 这种机制特别适用于T细胞最终可以清除病原体的感染.
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