一些年轻人也会超结合:注意力控制与超结合的个体差异有关
Emily E Davis1, Edyta K Tehrani2, Karen L Campbell2
1Department of Psychology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada. ed11zq@brocku.ca.
Psychonomic bulletin & review
|February 1, 2024
概括
年轻成年人通常不会表现出超结合,这是对目标和分散注意力的错误记忆编码信息. 然而,注意力控制较差的人,无论年龄如何,都会表现出更强的超结合能力.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人类的记忆 人类的记忆
背景情况:
- 过度绑定,错误地将目标和分散注意力的信息编码到记忆中,通常被认为是一种与年龄相关的效应,与注意力控制的下降有关.
- 之前的研究表明,年轻人通常不会表现出超结合性.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查注意力控制能力下降的年轻人是否表现出过度结合,测试假设注意力控制能力下降,而不是年龄本身,是这种记忆现象的基础.
- 探索年轻成年人群中注意力控制和超束倾向的个体差异之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 在121名参与者中,采用了个体差异方法.
- 参与者完成了一项隐性关联记忆测试,以测量超绑定 (目标-干扰器对) 和目标-目标对.
- 一系列注意力控制任务评估了注意力调节的个体差异.
主要成果:
- 平均而言,年轻人没有显著的超结合.
- 与那些注意力控制较差的参与者相比,与那些注意力控制较好的人相比,注意力控制较差的参与者表现出更大的超结合效应.
- 探索性发现表明,注意力控制的个体差异与对检索干扰的敏感性相关.
结论:
- 这些发现支持这样一个假设,即老年人与年龄相关的超结合源于注意力控制的下降.
- 过度绑定不仅限于老年人,而且可以影响任何注意力控制缺陷的个体,无论年龄如何.
- 注意力控制是影响超结合倾向的关键因素.
相关概念视频
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
68
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
68
01:25The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic
7.2K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.2K
01:19High-Level and Low-Level Awareness
272
Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
272
01:20Conformity
45.2K
Conformity is the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if that person does not agree with the group.
45.2K
01:30Information Processing Approach
38
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
38
02:05Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
39.0K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
39.0K