跳跃训练对成年人骨矿物质密度的骨部位特异性影响:系统性审查和元分析
Gabriella E Florence1, Tanja Oosthuyse2,3, Andrew N Bosch3
1Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
Journal of sports sciences
|February 2, 2024
概括
跳跃训练显著改善骨矿物质密度 (BMD),特别是在大腿部,在18岁以上的成年人. 这种高影响力的运动为不同年龄组的骨健康保护提供了可行的策略.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 骨的新陈代谢 骨的新陈代谢
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 保持骨矿物质密度 (BMD) 对骨健康和预防骨折至关重要.
- 众所周知,像跳跃这样的高冲击活动可以刺激骨的形成并保持BMD.
- 跨越不同骨部位和年龄组的跳跃训练对BMD的具体影响需要全面评估.
研究的目的:
- 进行一项元分析,评估跳跃训练在改善BMD方面的有效性.
- 为了比较跳跃训练与18岁以上的男性和女性的非跳跃对照的影响.
- 评估各种骨部位的BMD变化,并探索与年龄相关的潜在差异.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed和COCHRANE图书馆数据库中进行系统的文献搜索,截至2022年2月.
- 包括15篇文章 (19个跳跃试验) 和18个试验 (666名参与者) 用于骨损伤数据分析.
- 根据系统审查和元分析 (PRISMA) 准则的首选报告项目进行元分析.
主要成果:
- 跳跃训练对部部骨质量有显著的小到中等的积极影响 (+1.50%).
- 在年轻人 (+1.81%) 和老年人 (+1.03%) 均观察到腿部部骨质量改善.
- 在年轻的成年人中,总部和三叉体骨质量显著增加,而腰椎骨质量仅在年轻的成年人中显示非显著增加.
结论:
- 跳跃训练是提高骨矿物质密度的有效干预措施,大腿部显示出最高的敏感性.
- 具体地点的反应表明,跳跃训练对BMD的益处在所有骨位置上并不均.
- 对于部部BMD的增长存在中等确定性,平均跳跃负荷为50次重复,每周四次,没有明确的剂量反应效应.
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