变化在医疗保健获取和预防性健康查的种族和种族的变化
Christopher Alba1,2, ZhaoNian Zheng1, Rishi K Wadhera1,2
1Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA health forum
|February 2, 2024
概括
美国成年人的预防性健康检查和健康检查并没有恢复到COVID-19流行前的水平. 在种族和族群之间,在获取和查方面的差异仍然存在,这凸显了有针对性的公共卫生干预措施的需要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 美国COVID-19大流行严重扰乱了医疗保健的获取和利用.
- 在美国成年人中获得医疗保健和预防性查的流行前水平在很大程度上仍未得到量化.
- 了解医疗保健和查的种族和民族差异对于解决健康差异至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估2021-2022年与2019年相比,美国成年人获得医疗保健和预防性健康查的机会.
- 根据种族和种族来评估获得医疗保健和预防性查方面的差异.
主要方法:
- 采用美国国家健康访谈调查数据对美国成年人 (18岁以上) 进行的横截面研究.
- 分析包括医疗保健获取指标 (通常的护理地点,健康访问,由于成本而延迟/不接受护理).
- 评估的预防性查包括血压,胆固醇,葡萄糖和癌症查 (结肠直肠,宫,乳腺,前列腺).
主要成果:
- 2022年与2019年相比,健康访问量下降了 (ARR 0.98),亚洲成年人中下降幅度最大.
- 血压,葡萄糖,胆固醇,结肠直肠,宫,乳腺和前列腺癌的预防性查在2021年仍然低于2019年的水平.
- 观察到显著的差异,黑人和西班牙裔成年人分别显示结肠直肠癌和乳腺癌查的大幅下降.
结论:
- 美国的健康访问和关键预防性健康查还没有恢复到大流行前的水平.
- 种族和族裔群体查率的持续差异凸显了持续的不平等.
- 需要采取公共卫生倡议,以提高美国成年人预防性查的使用率.
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