为什么西北欧洲的植物以魔女和魔鬼的名字命名?
Isabela Pombo Geertsma1, Corné F H van der Linden2, Roy Vickery3
1Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Utrecht University Botanic Gardens, Utrecht University, 3508, TD, the Netherlands; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Journal of ethnopharmacology
|February 2, 2024
概括
西欧的植物名字经常将有毒和杂草的物种与女巫和魔鬼联系在一起,作为警告. 这项研究分析了这些名字,以了解历史上的巫术植物关系.
科学领域:
- 民族植物学 民族植物学
- 历史人类学 历史人类学
- 语言分析语言分析
背景情况:
- 西欧民间传说将女巫与各种植物用途联系在一起,包括药用,堕胎,幻觉和有毒的属性.
- 被指控的女巫是草药家的历史证据很少,这促使人们对替代数据来源进行调查,比如当地植物命名法.
- 当地的植物名称为了解历史感知和巫术与植物王国之间的关系提供了一个尚未探索的途径.
研究的目的:
- 分析含有"女巫"和"魔鬼"的当地植物名称,以了解它们与巫术相关的原因.
- 调查植物特征和它们被纳入与巫术有关的命名体系之间的潜在非随机相关性.
主要方法:
- 编制了来自西北欧洲相关语言的"女巫"和"魔鬼"等当地植物名称的数据库.
- 在搜索中包括"魔鬼",因为它与巫术有着强烈的历史联系.
- 评估相关植物物种的特征,如药用,毒性和阿波特罗帕特质,用于统计分析.
主要成果:
- 在425种植物和97个家族中确定了1263种独特的本土名称-分类组合.
- 属Asteraceae,Ranunculaceae和Rosaceae家族的物种最常被命名为与女巫和/或魔鬼有关的物种.
- 在荷兰语,德语和英语中确认了与巫术有关的名称和植物毒性之间的联系.
- 在荷兰语中发现了巫术名称和药用/无源用途之间的显著关联,但不是堕胎的品质.
- 幻觉植物与与女巫有关的名称没有显著的关联.
结论:
- 在西北欧洲,植物名包含"女巫"和"魔鬼"是多种多样的.
- 这些名称很可能是义地用来表示有毒或杂草的植物,作为警告标签.
- 该研究通过语言分析为巫术信仰与特定植物物种之间的历史关系提供了新的见解.
相关概念视频
Seedless Vascular Plants
60.4K
Seedless Vascular Plants Were the First Tall Plants on Earth
60.4K
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents
7.8K
When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
7.8K
Non-vascular Seedless Plants
64.5K
The diverse plant life on Earth—consisting of nearly 400,000 species—can be divided into three broad categories based on biological characteristics: nonvascular, seedless vascular, and seed plants.
64.5K
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent
8.2K
Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
8.2K
Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines
2.4K
The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
2.4K
Nomenclature of Alkenes
12.0K
The IUPAC naming system for alkenes replaces -an- with -en- in the corresponding parent alkanes. Accordingly, a simple alkene replaces the -ane suffix of the alkane with -ene.
As per the IUPAC rules, the longest carbon chain containing the maximum number of double bonds is identified as the parent chain and is numbered such that the doubly bonded carbon atoms receive the lowest possible numbers. The location of the double bond is indicated by the number of its first carbon atom. In branched...
As per the IUPAC rules, the longest carbon chain containing the maximum number of double bonds is identified as the parent chain and is numbered such that the doubly bonded carbon atoms receive the lowest possible numbers. The location of the double bond is indicated by the number of its first carbon atom. In branched...
12.0K


