为建立公共卫生计划可持续性的行动计划:一组随机试验的结果
Sarah Moreland-Russell1, Todd Combs2, Jessica Gannon3
1Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus, Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA. Smoreland-russell@wustl.edu.
Implementation science : IS
|February 3, 2024
概括
这项研究表明,一项新的培训计划有效地提高了州烟草控制计划的可持续性. 针对性培训对于面临挑战的项目可能是最有益的,仅靠资金本身就不如其他因素那么重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生干预措施 公共卫生干预措施
- 计划的可持续性 计划的可持续性
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
背景情况:
- 公共卫生计划需要持续的基于证据的干预措施,以获得长期的人口利益.
- 现有的资源有限,以支持公共卫生计划在建设可持续性能力.
- 培训和技术援助可以提高计划的可持续性,但能力建设的支持很少.
研究的目的:
- 在国家烟草控制计划中建立可持续性能力.
- 开发,测试和评估一个新的项目可持续发展行动计划模型和培训课程.
- 通过以行动为导向的体验式学习方法,解决影响可持续发展能力的项目相关领域.
主要方法:
- 一个多年的随机组试验,涉及23个州的烟草控制计划.
- 利用了基于科尔布的体验式学习理论的新项目可持续性行动计划模型和培训课程.
- 使用纵向混合效应模型评估干预的有效性,并使用计划可持续性评估 (PSAT) 评分,控制政策环境和资金.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,接受培训干预的州报告了明显更高的年度PSAT分数.
- 培训干预措施在提高计划可持续性能力方面表现出有效性.
- 国家层面的政策环境和计划资金对可持续性得分的影响小但统计学上显著.
结论:
- 计划可持续性行动规划模型和培训课程有效地建立了公共卫生计划中可持续性的能力.
- 针对性培训方法似乎对政策进展较少的计划最有利,这表明有针对性的支持是关键.
- 与其他能力建设因素相比,项目资金水平对可持续性可能不那么关键.
相关概念视频
01:13Randomized Experiments
6.9K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Simple randomization
Simple...
6.9K
01:20Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups
188
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
188
02:20Longitudinal Research
12.0K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
12.0K
01:16Clinical Trials
6.7K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
6.7K
02:01Group Design
8.9K
The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
8.9K
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
128
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
128