评估大猩猩和庞哥群体中形峰的肌肉附着假设
Hannah L Barel Hooge1, Jason S Massey2, Katharine L Balolia1
1School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Journal of anatomy
|February 3, 2024
概括
灵长类动物头骨中的性二态,特别是大猩猩和猩猩的性二态,不仅仅是由肌的附着部位解释的. 头骨和下的变化表明,除了饮食和肌肉功能之外,还有复杂的影响.
科学领域:
- 灵长类古生物学
- 比较解剖学的比较解剖学
- 生物人类学 生物人类学
背景情况:
- 灵长类下形态与饮食和功能有关.
- 人类类中的性二态是复杂的,可能涉及诸如肌肉形态和性选择之类的外部因素.
研究的目的:
- 在大猩猩和庞戈动物中调查下骨骨和神经头骨区域之间与相关的性别特异性关联.
- 确定沙吉塔顶区域的性二态是否与下骨骨区域和冠状腺过程高度的二态相对应.
- 检查时肌附着区域和下形态之间的缩放关系和关联中的性别差异.
主要方法:
- 在大猩猩大猩猩大猩猩,大猩猩 beringei graueri和Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus (n=220) 中测量了四个头骨和下变量.
- 分析了相对于下骨骨区域 (MRA) 和冠状腺过程高度 (CPH) 的斜脊尺寸 (SCS) 和肌附着区域 (TMAA) 的性二态.
- 评估了TMAA和MRA,TMAA和CPH之间的全度关系中的性别差异.
主要成果:
- 大猩猩大猩猩大猩猩在顶区域比下区域显示出更高的性二态;这在G. b. graueri或P. p. pygmaeus.中没有观察到.
- 所有种类表现出类似的TMAA和MRA的性别特异性缩放:雄性表现出异位,而雌性表现出负异位.
- 在所有种群中发现了MRA和TMAA之间全度倾斜的物种内性别差异. 只有G.g.大猩猩在两种性别中显示TMAA和CPH之间的显著关联.
结论:
- 头骨和下部部区域之间存在统计学关联,但大猩猩和猩猩的变异模式不能仅仅通过肌肉附着假设来完全解释.
- 研究结果表明,社会行为可能会影响雄性灵长类动物的面复杂形态.
- 需要进一步的研究,以了解导致灵长类动物下和骨变态的因素的相互作用.
相关概念视频
01:14Muscles for Facial Expressions
2.1K
The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
2.1K
01:14Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
2.2K
The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
2.2K
01:19Muscles that Move the Head
1.9K
The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
1.9K
01:22Sutures of the Skull
6.7K
The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
6.7K
01:18Axial and Appendicular Muscles
1.4K
Skeletal muscles, the key players in our body's movement, can be classified into two groups based on their location and function: axial muscles and appendicular muscles. These classifications reflect the primary roles the muscles play in the body's structure and movement.
Axial Muscles
Axial muscles, situated along the body's midline, are intricately connected to the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles facilitate facial expressions and...
Axial Muscles
Axial muscles, situated along the body's midline, are intricately connected to the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles facilitate facial expressions and...
1.4K
01:19Naming Skeletal Muscles
2.2K
The naming of the approximately 700 muscles in the human body is based on a set of criteria designed to provide descriptive information about each muscle, making it easier to identify and remember them.
The key factors used in naming muscles include:
The key factors used in naming muscles include:
2.2K