多重长期疾病,孤独和社会隔离:对最近的定量研究进行范围审查
Hilda Hounkpatin1, Glenn Simpson1, Miriam Santer1
1Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, UK.
Archives of gerontology and geriatrics
|February 3, 2024
概括
患有多种长期疾病 (MLTC) 的老年人与孤独有显著的联系. 然而,证据表明MLTC与社会隔离以及纵向关联之间的联系需要进一步调查.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
背景情况:
- 多重长期疾病 (MLTC) 和社会隔离是老年人中普遍存在的问题.
- 最近的研究已经开始探索MLTC,孤独和社会隔离之间的复杂关系.
- 了解这些关联对于开发针对老年人口的有针对性的干预措施和支持系统至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 对现有证据对多重长期疾病 (MLTC) 与老年人孤独和社会隔离之间的关联进行范围审查.
- 确定该领域现有的研究缺口.
- 绘制研究MLTC及其与社会福祉的关系的现有研究格局.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA指南进行了全面的范围审查.
- 在多个数据库 (Ovid Medline,Embase,CINAHL,Cochrane Library,PsycInfo,BASE) 进行了对2020年1月至2023年4月期间发表的研究的搜索.
- 包括的研究是定量性的,评估MLTC与孤独/社会隔离之间的关联,无论语言如何.
主要成果:
- 在1827个确定的记录中,有17项研究符合纳入标准,主要包括老年人的横截面设计.
- 在大多数研究中,MLTC和孤独之间报告了显著的横截面关联.
- 对于MLTC与孤独之间的纵向关联,以及MLTC与社会隔离之间的关联,发现的证据较弱. 测量和方法的异质性限制了比较.
结论:
- 目前的证据基础表明,多重长期疾病 (MLTC) 与老年人孤独之间存在明显的横截面联系.
- 需要更强大的基于人口的纵向研究来澄清MLTC与孤独和社会隔离之间的关系.
- 未来的研究应该采用一致的方法和措施来增强理解并促进跨研究的比较.
相关概念视频
01:22Case Studies
There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.
02:20Longitudinal Research
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
02:12Relationship Formation
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
01:26Longitudinal Studies
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
01:30Social Relationships and Well-Being
The significance of social relationships in psychological well-being is a well-established area of inquiry within social psychology. Research consistently demonstrates that the presence of meaningful, supportive relationships enhances emotional health, while the absence or deterioration of such connections can contribute to psychological distress. Relationships serve as a foundation for emotional support, identity, and social belonging, all of which are critical to an individual’s overall...
01:25Importance of Need for Affiliation
The need for affiliation is a fundamental human motive that drives individuals to form and maintain interpersonal relationships. This universal drive varies in intensity among individuals due to genetic predispositions and life experiences, shaping it into a relatively stable personality trait. Social inclusion enhances emotional well-being by fulfilling the need for affiliation, whereas social exclusion leads to distress, negative emotions, and cognitive impairments.Psychological and Emotional...