假设一个开器
Cory J Clark1,2, Calvin Isch3, Paul Connor2
1The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA cjclark@sas.upenn.edu; https://www.coryjclark.com tetlock@wharton.upenn.edu https://www.sas.upenn.edu/tetlock/.
The Behavioral and brain sciences
|February 4, 2024
概括
我们介绍了对抗-协作集成实验设计 (IED),以鼓励竞争研究团队找到他们的理论表现最好的领域. 这种方法促进了开放的思想交流,特别是在高风险的政策辩论中.
科学领域:
- 综合性实验设计 (IED)
- 科学方法科学方法学
- 相关政策研究 相关政策研究
背景情况:
- 当前的综合实验设计 (IED) 可能无法充分利用跨学科合作的潜力.
- 高风险的政策辩论往往涉及相互竞争的理论观点,这可能会阻碍开放的思想交流.
- 规范性和政治因素可能会造成科学研究合作的障碍.
研究的目的:
- 建议对综合性实验设计 (IED) 进行修正,称为对抗性协作IED.
- 激励具有相互竞争的理论观点的研究团队确定他们的解释优势.
- 促进科学辩论的更加富有成效的环境,特别是在与政策相关的领域.
主要方法:
- 引入对抗性协作作为整合性实验设计 (IED) 的修改.
- 专注于激励团队确定特定的"设计空间区域",他们的理论模型在其中表现出色.
- 修改后的IED框架应用于具有高政策风险和规范政治负担的场景.
主要成果:
- 敌对合作IED鼓励识别不同的理论优势领域.
- 这种方法可以克服在有争议的研究领域自由交流思想的潜在障碍.
- 该方法在导航具有重大政策影响的复杂辩论时特别有效.
结论:
- 敌对合作IED为加强科学合作和严谨提供了一个新的框架.
- 这种方法通过利用理论竞争来促进更具活力和更具生产力的科学话语.
- 拟议的修正案对于推进具有高度社会影响和复杂理论基础的领域的研究至关重要.
相关概念视频
The Availability Heuristic
6.0K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
6.0K
Machines: Problem Solving I
326
A toggle clamp is a mechanical device commonly used for holding and clamping objects in various applications, such as woodworking, metalworking, and assembly operations. Consider a toggle clamp subjected to a force of 200 N at the handle. The vertical clamping force can be calculated, provided the dimensions of the toggle clamp are known.
The toggle clamp system is a machine structure consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that form a stabilized system to transmit forces. The...
The toggle clamp system is a machine structure consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that form a stabilized system to transmit forces. The...
326
Machines
271
Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. One example of a machine is the cutting plier, which is used to cut wires by applying forces to its handles. When equal and opposite forces are exerted on the handles of the cutting plier, they cause the cutting edges to come together and apply equal and opposite reaction forces on the wire, which are greater than the applied forces.
A free-body diagram of the...
A free-body diagram of the...
271
Machines: Problem Solving II
310
Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. Consider a lifting tong carrying a 100 kg load. It comprises movable sections DAF and CBG linked together with member AB.
310
Drawing Free-body Diagrams: Rules
13.0K
The first step in describing and analyzing most phenomena in physics involves the careful drawing of a free-body diagram. Free-body diagrams are useful in analyzing forces acting on an object or system, and are employed extensively in the study and application of Newton's laws of motion. The steps to draw a free-body diagram are listed below:
13.0K


