通过使用就业碳足迹来评估对能源转型的就业脆弱性的分布
Kailin Graham1, Christopher R Knittel1,2,3
1Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
概括
美国通货膨胀减缓法案 (IRA) 忽视了许多社区在清洁能源转型期间容易失去工作. 本研究引入了一种新的方法来识别处于风险地区,确保所有工人的更公平的过渡.
科学领域:
- 环境政策 环境政策
- 劳动力经济学 劳动力经济学
- 区域经济学 区域经济学
背景情况:
- 全球越来越多地从化石燃料转变,需要为碳密集型行业的工人提供公正的过渡.
- 现有的政策,如美国通货膨胀减缓法案 (IRA),提供了一些支持,但缺乏对社区脆弱性的细节分析.
- 有限的研究彻底调查了哪些社区在能源转型期间面临最高的经济破坏风险.
研究的目的:
- 分析美国经济中就业脆弱性的地理和部门分布.
- 开发和应用一种新的"就业碳足迹"指标,以量化工作脆弱性.
- 确定因能源转型而面临经济破坏高风险的地区和社区.
主要方法:
- 计算了几乎所有美国工作的平均"就业碳足迹",同时考虑了高度的地理和部门细节性.
- 评估了整个经济中的就业脆弱性,包括化石燃料消耗和生产影响.
- 包括负责86%的美国就业和94%的非运输碳排放的部门.
主要成果:
- 确定了美国不同地区和经济部门就业脆弱性的重大差异.
- 发现目前的政策努力,包括IRA,往往排除了高就业脆弱性的地区.
- 强调了在正在进行的能源转型中留下脆弱社区的风险.
结论:
- 目前用于识别面临风险的社区的现有方法不足,并有可能加剧不平等现象.
- 积极和持续地衡量就业脆弱性对于有效的公正过渡政策至关重要.
- 基于地方的政策方法对于充分支持正在应对能源转型带来的经济转变的社区至关重要.
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