使用专业规范和问责制减少老年患者的过度护理:一个集群随机对照试验.
Stephen D Persell1, Lucia C Petito2, Ji Young Lee3
1Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; and Center for Primary Care Innovation, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (S.D.P., J.A.L.).
Annals of internal medicine
|February 5, 2024
概括
临床决策支持工具减少了老年人过度使用前列腺特异抗原 (PSA) 测试和非特异性尿液测试. 该干预措施还减少了糖尿病过度治疗,但可能会增加失控糖尿病的发生率.
科学领域:
- 老年医学 老年医学
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 在老年人中,过度使用医疗检查和治疗方法可能会导致伤害.
- 需要有效的策略来减少不必要的医疗保健利用.
研究的目的:
- 评估临床医生决策支持对减少老年初级保健患者过度使用的影响.
- 评估决策支持的影响,重点关注潜在的危害,社会规范和声誉问题.
主要方法:
- 一个为期18个月的实用性,集群随机试验,涉及60个初级保健实践.
- 干预组接受了决策支持工具和基于案例的教育;对照组仅接受了教育.
- 测量结果包括前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA) 测试率,未指定的尿液测试和糖尿病过度治疗.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,干预组的PSA检测率 (-8.7%),未指明的尿液检测率 (-5.5%) 和糖尿病过度治疗率 (-1.4%) 显著降低.
- 没有观察到尿路感染或高血糖症的紧急护理增加.
- 在干预组中,先前过度治疗的糖尿病患者的HbA1c>9.0%略有增加 (+0.47%).
结论:
- 决策支持有效地减少了老年人不必要的测试和糖尿病过度治疗.
- 虽然这种干预通常是安全的,但需要对未经控制的糖尿病的潜在增加进行仔细监测.
- 研究结果表明,基于行为科学的决策支持可以改变临床医生的行为,以减少过度使用.
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