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拒绝模板可以在视觉搜索中抑制现实世界的情感对象吗?

Chris R H Brown¹, Nazanin Derakshan²

¹School of Psychology, University of Roehampton, Whitelands Campus, Holybourne Avenue, London, SW15 4JD, UK. chris.brown@roehampton.ac.uk.

Psychonomic bulletin & review

|February 5, 2024

概括

工作记忆模板可以帮助忽略分心的现实世界图像,尤其是不愉快的图像. 这项研究表明,在使用基于特征的模板时,有效地抑制了对厌恶刺激的干扰因子.

科学领域:

认知心理学认知心理学
视觉感知视觉感知视觉感知
工作记忆工作记忆

背景情况:

工作记忆中的基于特性的模板可以抑制环境刺激.
以前的研究使用了抽象的形状,限制了对现实世界的图像和情绪刺激的概括性.

研究的目的:

调查基于特征的拒绝模板是否可以将其推广到现实世界的图像中,包括厌恶刺激.
为了检查分心抑制在视觉搜索任务与现实世界对象的有效性.

主要方法:

参与者在收到分心,目标或无模板线索后,与现实世界对象进行视觉搜索任务.
实验对提示呈现,编码时间和任务要求 (例如,努力比较) 有所不同.
贝叶斯的元分析综合了各种实验的结果.

主要成果:

当分散器模板随机化时,有适度的证据表明,厌恶性分散器的捕获量增加.
当分散器模板始终以更长的编码时间为准时,对有效的分散器抑制 (厌恶和中立) 的适度证据.
在较慢,费力的任务中,抑制证据较弱,但对于厌恶的分心因子,抑制程度适度.
贝叶斯元分析显示了强有力的证据,对厌恶的干扰因子的抑制,但不一致的结果,对于中性干扰因子.

结论:

基于特征的拒绝模板有效地抑制视觉搜索中的真实世界的厌恶性分心因素.
抑制的有效性取决于提示的信息性,可访问性和分散注意力的干扰.
理性搜索行为框架解释了基于潜在的利益和成本的线索的战略使用.

关键词:

注意力偏差是一种注意力偏差.认知和注意力控制控制.消极模板的负面模板.拒绝的模板拒绝的模板

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