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升高的CO2降低了对玉米杂交品的生理化学,生长,产量特征的高温压力影响

M Vanaja¹, B Sarkar², P Sathish¹

¹ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India.

Scientific reports

|February 5, 2024

概括

升高的温度会通过增加合成丝间隔对玉米产生影响,但升高的二氧化碳会减轻这种影响. 较高的二氧化碳也改善了生理性能,帮助玉米在温度上升的情况下保持产量.

科学领域:

农业科学农业科学
植物生理学植物生理学
气候变化影响研究影响研究

背景情况:

大气温度和二氧化碳水平的上升对农作物生产率构成重大威胁.
虽然已知二氧化碳和温度升高的个体影响,但它们对玉米杂交品种的相互作用影响还未得到充分研究.

研究的目的:

评估高温和二氧化碳对玉米杂交现象学,生理学,生物质和谷物产量的相互作用影响.
研究不同玉米杂交物如何应对气候变化因素的组合.

主要方法:

使用自由空气温度升高 (FATE) 设施进行实地实验.
评估现象特征,生理参数 (光合作用,口腔导电,透气),叶子组成,生物质和谷物产量.
在环境,升温 (eT) 和升温+升温CO2 (eT+eCO2) 条件下对混合反应的差异分析.

主要成果:

升高的温度 (eT) 增加了合成制间隔 (ASI),而 eT + eCO2 减轻了这种影响.
净光合作用率,口腔导电率和透气率在ET下降,但在ET + eCO2下部分恢复.
总可溶糖和粉在 eT + eCO2 下增加; 林和MDA含量在 eT 下增加,但在 eT + eCO2 下降.
混合型900M GOLD在ET (>35°C) 下显示出优异的谷物产量,而DHM117在ET+eCO2下表现更好,这是由于生理反应的改善.

结论:

升高的二氧化碳可以减轻升高温度对玉米作物生产率的有害影响.
在高二氧化碳水平下提高生理性能使得玉米能够保持令人满意的产量水平,尽管环境条件不利.
玉米的杂交遗传潜力影响了对高温和二氧化碳的反应,突出了对气候适应性育种策略的需求.

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