寿命逆境影响成年人的行为抑制的神经相关物
Seda Sacu1, Pascal-M Aggensteiner1, Maximilian Monninger1
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Frontiers in psychiatry
|February 6, 2024
概括
早期的生活逆境,特别是产前母亲吸烟和产后心理社会挑战,与成年期抑制控制期间大脑活动的改变有关. 这些神经变化可能会增加对心理病理的脆弱性,例如抑郁症.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 早期的不良经历可能会对执行功能和大脑发育产生持久的影响.
- 以前的研究将逆境与抑制控制中的功能性大脑变化联系在一起,但通常集中在特定类型的逆境上.
研究的目的:
- 调查各种产前和产后逆境与抑制控制期间大脑反应之间的长期关联.
- 在抑制控制过程中识别特定的逆境类型及其神经相关物.
- 探索当前精神病理学和在抑制控制期间的大脑活动之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 在33岁时进行fMRI停止信号任务的长度出生队列研究 (n=121).
- 收集了七个产前/产后逆境指标,并使用主要成分分析进行因子提取.
- 多重回归分析检查了逆境因素/特定措施与大脑激活之间的联系,以及成人自我报告子表.
主要成果:
- 一个关键的逆境因素 (产前母亲吸烟,产后心理社会逆境) 与抑制控制期间前脑和脑区域激活的增加有关.
- 这一因素中的特定不利因素显示出类似的关联.
- 对于其他不利因素 (产前压力/产科风险,较低的母亲敏感性) 没有发现显著的关联.
- 在抑制性控制期间,较高的抑郁症状与增加的胰岛和前带带皮层激活有关.
结论:
- 早期的不良体验显著影响成人神经回路的抑制控制.
- 逆境和抑郁症状之间的共同神经相关性表明,通过神经变化,潜在的脆弱性途径.
- 需要未来的纵向研究来证实这些发现并探索因果关系.
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