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相关概念视频

The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

915
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
915
The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

1.6K
Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

13.3K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
13.3K
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

9.1K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
9.1K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.2K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.2K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

12.8K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
12.8K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA
10:40

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Published on: September 10, 2013

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核细胞的构造决定了基因组的编码.

Matthew R Marunde1, Harrison A Fuchs2,3, Jonathan M Burg1

  • 1EpiCypher, Durham, United States.

eLife
|February 6, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

基因组转化后修改 (PTMs) 形成了调节基因表达的代码. 我们的研究表明,这些代码取决于核子组的背景,而不仅仅是单独的,改进了基因组代码概念.

关键词:
在PHD手指指类蛋白质是一种类蛋白质.染色体是一种染色体.基因表达的基因表达方式基质子 PTM 基质子基因组码 基因组码人类 人类 人类 人类 人类 人类 人类分子生物物理学分子生物物理学核子组中的核子结构生物学结构生物学

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Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA
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Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique
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科学领域:

  • 表观遗传学和分子生物学
  • 染色体生物学 染色体生物学
  • 基因规则 基因规则

背景情况:

  • 基因组转化后修饰 (PTMs) 对于染色体调节至关重要.
  • "基因组编码"假设表明,PTMs是由染色质相关蛋白 (CAPs) 上的蛋白质域 (阅读器域) 识别的.
  • 之前的研究经常使用简化的模型,如孤立的读者域和组素.

研究的目的:

  • 调查核细胞背景在读者域和基因组PTMs之间的相互作用中的作用.
  • 为了确定BPTF串联阅读器 (PHD手指和原蛋白) 对基因组PTM的特异性是否受核细胞结构的影响.
  • 通过考虑更高阶染色体因子来完善"基因组编码"概念.

主要方法:

  • 在体外结合测试中使用隔离的读者域和基因素.
  • 核细胞复合和生物化学测试,以评估BPTF串联阅读器结合特异性.
  • 细胞上下文实验以验证体外发现.

主要成果:

  • 在BPTF PHD手指和odomain与基因组 PTMs的相互作用取决于核细胞的背景.
  • 串联阅读器选择性地与具有特定PTM组合的核体结合 (H3K4me3与H3K14ac或H3K18ac).
  • 这种核细胞特异性结合是无法从分离的测定中预测的,并且在细胞中重现.

结论:

  • "基因组编码"需要精细化,以纳入核细胞背景和更高阶染色体因子.
  • 基因组尾部的可访问性和读者域的结合潜力受核细胞结构的影响.
  • 未来的研究应该在核细胞层面询问组蛋白代码,以全面了解表观遗传调节.