相关概念视频
01:11Blinding
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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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01:16Focusing of Light in the Eye
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Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
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02:07Blind Procedures
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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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01:12Hindsight Biases
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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
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01:22Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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01:34Groupthink
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When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...
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不要被盲目的盲人蒙蔽.
1Department of Biostatistics, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York.
NEJM evidence
|February 6, 2024
概括
失明对于高质量的随机临床试验至关重要,防止参与者选择,坚持和结果评估中的偏见. 然而,完全失明并不总是可行的,特别是在手术试验中.
科学领域:
- 临床试验方法论 临床试验方法论
- 基于证据的医学基于证据的医学.
- 研究诚信研究诚信
背景情况:
- 失明是严格的随机临床试验 (RCT) 的基石.
- 它减轻了各种偏差,包括选择偏差,性能偏差和检测偏差.
- 蒙蔽确保了参与者管理和结果评估的客观性.
