营养生理学和身体组成的变化,在快速上升到高海拔的过程中
Carmen Santangelo1, Vittore Verratti2, Simona Mrakic-Sposta3
1Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
概括
高海拔徒步旅行导致体重减轻,但身体成分没有显著变化. 食欲激素莱普和格林发生了变化,这表明在远征期间需要量身定制的营养策略.
科学领域:
- 人体生理学 人体生理学
- 高度医学 高度医学
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 高空暴露可能导致负能量和流体平衡.
- 这种不平衡可能会对身体组成和体能产生负面影响.
- 了解这些生理适应对于运动员和徒步旅行者来说至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究四天高山徒步旅行对身体组成和液体平衡的影响.
- 在高度暴露期间分析食欲调节激素 (瘦素和 ghrelin) 的变化.
- 评估在高海拔探险中需要具体的营养指导的需要.
主要方法:
- 一个4天的徒步旅行到4556米a.s.l. 这项研究涉及12名健康成年人 (29 ± 4岁).
- 通过日记记录食物摄入量;计算营养平均值.
- 生物阻抗分析和可穿戴生物传感器 (Swemax) 用于监测身体组成和流体损失.
主要成果:
- 观察到显著的体重减轻 (p < 0.001),而整体体质没有显著的变化.
- 身体水分百分比显著变化 (p = 0.026),但绝对水分含量没有变化.
- 唾液瘦素增加 (p = 0.014) 和唾液格林减少 (p = 0.036),表明食欲信号发生变化.
结论:
- 长达4天的高山徒步旅行会导致由于缺氧而引起的和食欲激素的变化.
- 远征期间的减肥可能不仅仅是由于水的流失.
- 高海拔探险需要专门的营养支持和监测液体平衡和身体成分.
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