年轻人因不利条件而出现的认知缺陷和增强:在ABCD研究中使用漂移扩散建模的综合性评估
Stefan Vermeent1,2, Ethan S Young1, Meriah L DeJoseph3,4
1Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Developmental science
|February 6, 2024
概括
儿童家庭威胁会减缓一般的认知处理速度,增加谨慎性,但不会损害特定的认知能力. 先进的建模揭示了逆境对青少年认知的微妙影响.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 发展心理学是发展心理学.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 童年逆境可能会影响认知发展,导致缺陷或增强.
- 现有研究面临的挑战是区分原始性能与不同的认知处理阶段.
- 研究经常聚合认知能力,掩盖一般与特定认知功能的相互作用.
研究的目的:
- 调查童年逆境 (物质剥夺,家庭威胁) 与青年认知表现之间的联系.
- 区分受逆境影响的一般任务和特定任务认知过程.
- 通过使用先进的分析技术,解决传统绩效衡量的局限性.
主要方法:
- 利用漂移扩散建模 (DDM) 将认知任务性能分解为不同的处理阶段.
- 采用结构方程建模 (SEM) 来隔离一般任务和特定任务的认知差异.
- 分析了来自青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究中9-10岁儿童的大型代表样本的数据.
主要成果:
- 暴露于家庭威胁,而不是物质剥夺,与较慢的任务一般处理速度有关.
- 暴露于家庭威胁的青少年在任务中表现出更高的响应谨慎.
- 特定任务的认知能力在很大程度上保持不变,尽管暴露于家庭威胁.
结论:
- 传统的认知评估可能会高估逆境对特定能力的负面影响.
- 高级建模 (DDM和SEM) 提供了对逆境如何影响认知处理的更细致的理解.
- 家庭威胁独特地影响了一般的处理速度和响应谨慎性,突出了特定逆境类型和分析方法的重要性.
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