个人适应热量:分析三座德国城市的风险沟通,警告,热风险感知和保护行为
Anna Heidenreich1, Annegret H Thieken1
1Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Brandenburg, Germany.
概括
了解热应力适应是非常重要的. 这项研究表明,量身定制的风险沟通和明确的行动建议显著改善了极端高温事件期间公众的理解和适应性行为.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 风险沟通 风险沟通
背景情况:
- 极端高温事件对公众健康构成重大风险,其证据是住院和死亡人数的增加.
- 尽管已知威胁,个人适应性行为和关于热应激的决策过程仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 调查个人对热应激和热保护行为的感知.
- 通过使用适应的保护性行动决策模型 (PADM) 分析影响适应性行动的因素.
- 评估不同热预警信息对情境知识和行为意图的影响.
主要方法:
- 在德国三个城市进行了一项家庭调查 (n=1417),通过电话和在线收集数据.
- 保护性行动决策模型 (PADM) 被调整为分析风险感知,环境/人口因素和适应性行为之间的联系.
- 在实验环境中,评估了带有和没有行动建议的警告消息对知识和预期行为的影响.
主要成果:
- PADM构造解释了保护动机 (16%),保护性反应 (19%) 和以情绪为中心的应对 (23%) 的显著差异.
- 背景因素 (温度,风险沟通,人口统计) 和心理因素 (脆弱性,有效性,成本) 是结果的重要预测因素.
- 包括行动建议在内的警告信息显著改善了情境知识,并增加了预期的特定适应性行为.
结论:
- 作为热应激反应的个体适应性行为受到心理和上下文因素的结合的影响.
- 有效的风险沟通策略,特别是那些将明确的行动建议与热警告相结合的策略,对于提高公众理解和促进适应性行动至关重要.
- 定制沟通策略可以提高个人对极端高温事件的准备和应对能力.
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