在COVID-19封锁期间,大学运动员的身体组成变化
Aston Dommel1, Jose R Fernandez1, R Drew Sayer1
1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
概括
COVID-19封锁影响了大学运动员,导致身体组成的性别差异显著. 男性的脂肪量减少,而女性的脂肪量增加,这凸显了在训练休息期间需要量身定制的策略.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人体生理学 人体生理学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 2020年春季,COVID-19大流行导致大学体育赛季的突然取消和强制性封锁.
- 运动员在返回校园和进入体育设施方面面临不确定性,这引发了对表现和身体构成的担忧.
- 这项研究调查了大学运动员在受限进入校园设施期间体重,肌肉质量和脂肪质量的变化.
研究的目的:
- 评估COVID-19相关设施限制对大学运动员身体组成的影响.
- 分析在锁定期间体重,肌肉质量和脂肪质量的变化.
- 为了确定这些身体组成变化中的潜在的性别特异性差异.
主要方法:
- 77名大学运动员 (43名男性,34名女性) 在锁定前 (2020年1月) 和锁定后 (2020年8月/9月) 通过生物电阻分析测量了身体成分 (体重,脂肪质量,肌肉质量).
- 通过调查来评估饮食行为和身体活动.
- 用ANOVA和ANCOVA分析数据,使用高度调整的指数 (BMI,FMI,MMI) 来计算体型差异.
主要成果:
- 在锁定前和后的测量之间,在身体质量指数 (BMI) 或肌肉质量指数 (MMI) 中没有发现任何显著的性别差异.
- 脂肪质量指数 (FMI) 显示出基于性别的显著变化:男性的体重下降,而女性的体重增加.
- 这些发现表明,在受限体育训练期间,身体构成的潜在性别特异性适应.
结论:
- 这项研究强调了大学运动员在从结构化训练环境中被移除后,脂肪质量可能发生的性别特异性变化.
- 建议进行进一步的研究,以探索这些身体组成变化的驱动因素及其对运动表现的影响.
- 在运动训练中长时间休息期间,制定特定于性别的策略可能对保持最佳的身体组成和表现至关重要.
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