东海生态系统动态和低氧控制:一个自下而上的和自上而下的视角
Zhongsheng Xu1, Qianwen Sun2, Yanyi Miao3
1Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China.
The Science of the total environment
|February 7, 2024
概括
东中国海的过度捕捞破坏了食物网,增加了缺氧. 恢复顶级捕食者对于生态系统健康和减轻低氧事件至关重要.
科学领域:
- 海洋生态海洋生态学
- 渔业 科学 渔业 科学
- 海洋学 海洋学 海洋学
背景情况:
- 几十年的过度捕捞严重改变了海洋食物网,特别是在东中国海 (ECS).
- 顶级捕食者的减少削弱了自上而下的控制,导致像地甲类甲类动物这样的较低的食量水平增加.
- 这种不平衡降低了生态系统对环境压力因素的抵抗力,导致诸如缺氧等现象.
研究的目的:
- 调查因过度捕捞而改变的食物网结构对东海缺氧的影响.
- 阐明自上而下的 (渔业) 和自下而上的 (营养负载) 控制对季节性缺氧的综合影响.
- 建议以生态系统为基础的渔业管理作为减轻缺氧的解决方案.
主要方法:
- 分析ECS中热层相互作用和社区结构变化的分析.
- 评估减少顶级掠食者数量和增加初级生产率之间的联系.
- 评估有机物流向本索的流量和随后的分解过程.
主要成果:
- 过度捕捞导致了第四个热带水平的下降,第三个热带水平 (甲类动物) 的相对增加.
- 这种食物级联导致植物浮游生物的放牧减少,有机物沉入海底的数量增加.
- 底层水中的有机物质强化分解导致季节性缺氧,由营养物质负载加剧.
结论:
- 长江河口的季节性缺氧是上下和自下而上的综合过程的结果.
- 通过过度捕捞改变海洋食物网结构,大大有助于缺氧的发展.
- 专注于生态系统恢复的综合性渔业管理对于打击低氧和保持海洋生态系统健康至关重要.
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