相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

由HORMAD蛋白质结合的染色质调节了介质重组的启动

Carolyn R Milano¹, Sarah N Ur^2,3, Yajie Gu²

¹Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.

The EMBO journal

|February 9, 2024

概括

介质染色体轴蛋白Hop1通过其中央染色体结合区域 (CBR) 结合曲折的DNA,这对于组织染色体和调节化期间的DNA断裂至关重要. 破坏这种相互作用会损害染色体突触和生育能力.

科学领域:

分子生物学分子生物学
遗传学遗传学是一个
结构生物学结构生物学

背景情况:

介质染色体轴对染色体组织,同源重组和生育至关重要.
在酵母中,HORMAD蛋白Hop1通过其中央染色体结合区域 (CBR) 促进了轴蛋白在富含核细胞位点的积累.

研究的目的:

阐明Hop1 CBR与核细胞DNA相互作用的结构机制.
研究破坏Hop1 CBR-核酶体相互作用对介质过程的功能后果.

主要方法:

低温电子显微镜 (cryo-EM) 用于确定与核体DNA结合的Hop1 CBR的结构.
针对Hop1 CBR突变的基因分析.
介质性HORMAD蛋白的遗传学分析.

主要成果:

克里奥-EM揭示了Hop1 CBR通过一个涉及其PHD和翼螺旋转螺旋域的组合接口来识别曲的核体DNA.
干扰Hop1 CBR-核细胞体接口减少了轴蛋白结合和轴岛上的介质DNA双链断裂 (DSB),导致突触缺陷.
与Pch2突变体的合成遗传相互作用表明,核细胞结合调节了Hop1的构造,以控制DSB的形成.

结论:

霍普1 CBR 直接结合曲的核细胞体DNA,建立了介质染色体轴组合的保存机制.
这种相互作用对于调节介质性DSB形成和确保适当的染色体突触和生育是至关重要的.
CBR的古老起源表明,HORMAD蛋白在物种间的多变性中具有保留的作用.

关键词:

开花的酵母酵母是什么意思染色是一种染色素.染色体分离的分离霍尔马 (HORMA) 是一个叫做HORMA的词.介质变化 (Meiosis) 是一个过程.

更多相关视频

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique

Published on: March 9, 2022

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Published on: January 14, 2016

相关概念视频

Crossing Over

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...

Homologous Recombination

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...

Heterochromatin

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...