为什么在学生的成绩和认知能力方面,德国各州存在差异?
1Department of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Wilhelm-Raabe-Str. 43, D-09107, Chemnitz, Germany.
Heliyon
|February 9, 2024
概括
德国学业成绩的区域差异与保守的教育政策和较低的移民率有关,而不是遗传或财富. 这些发现表明,资产阶级保守的教育方法对学生的认知能力产生了积极的影响.
科学领域:
- 教育研究教育研究
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 认知能力研究研究认知能力.
背景情况:
- 20多年来,德国各地区在学业成绩和认知能力方面存在显著而稳定的差异.
- 南方地区的表现始终优于城市国家,巴伐利亚和布雷门之间有着显著的14个月的学习时间差异.
研究的目的:
- 调查这些德国国内教育成绩差异的根本原因和后果.
- 为了获得关于这种差异发展的可概括的见解.
主要方法:
- 利用了像PISA和IQB这样的学生评估数据.
- 采用相关性和路径分析,控制各种背景因素.
主要成果:
- 没有发现与遗传学,社会教育水平或GDP有显著的相关性.
- 与资产阶级 - 保守的教育政策 (例如,中央考试,早期跟踪),教育数量,高等教育质量,较低的移民比例,中产阶级生活方式和保守的政治倾向.
- 纵向分析显示,资产阶级政策增强了学生的认知能力,认知能力强的人群倾向于投票给资产阶级政党.
结论:
- 结果强调了资产阶级保守的教育政策和较低的移民率对学生成绩的影响.
- 这些发现对现有的研究实践和社会科学中占主导地位的政治观点提出了挑战.
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