在面临酒精使用障碍风险的年轻成年人中,对威胁和奖励的神经反应
Katelyn T Kirk-Provencher1, Rosa H Hakimi1, Keinada Andereas1
1Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Addiction biology
|February 9, 2024
概括
患有酒精使用障碍家族病史的年轻人表现出对奖励预期的麻木的神经和行为反应. 威胁并没有显著改变这些减少的奖励处理模式在处于风险的个体.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
背景情况:
- 酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 是遗传性的,使得有AUD家族史的个人成为关键的风险组.
- 以前的研究表明,对潜在奖励的反应减少与AUD的遗传风险有关.
- 威胁对AUD风险中奖励处理的调节效应仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查有或没有AUD家族史的年轻成年人中威胁和奖励预期相互作用的神经相关性.
- 为了确定与AUD风险相关的神经处理模式.
主要方法:
- 功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 用于研究大脑活动.
- 一个修改后的货币激励延迟任务评估了对奖励和威胁线索的反应.
- 参与者包括有 (n=31) 和没有 (n=44) 有害饮酒家族史的年轻成年人.
主要成果:
- 在右侧的核中观察到暗示和组之间的相互作用,家族史阳性组在预期收益和损失方面显示的差异较小.
- 家庭史阳性组报告说,对潜在收益的兴奋程度较低.
- 在安全和威胁条件下,家族史阳性个体在左侧岛内表现出减少的激活,没有与威胁相关的显著群体差异.
结论:
- 患有AUD风险增加的年轻人表现出神经和行为奖励处理减少.
- 奖励处理中的这些变化在对潜在奖励和负面后果的反应中是显而易见的.
- 在这个发育阶段,对威胁的神经反应似乎不是AUD风险的重要因素.
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