2021年波兰的脑膜炎和脑炎
Karolina Mrozowska-Nyckowska1, Jakub Zbrzeźniak1, Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz1
1National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance.
Przeglad epidemiologiczny
|February 9, 2024
概括
2021年,波兰的细菌性脑膜炎和/或脑炎病例有所增加,但病毒病例有所减少,尽管这两种病例均低于大流行前的水平. 这一趋势反映了COVID-19措施对病原体传播的影响.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生监督 公共卫生监督
背景情况:
- 在波兰,脑膜炎和/或脑炎通过例行流行病学监测进行监测.
- 关键的致病因子包括脑膜炎Neisseria meningitidis,肺炎链球菌Streptococcus pneumoniae,流感血球菌Haemophilus influenzae以及传播脑炎病毒.
- 通过接种疫苗进行免疫预防是预防这些神经感染的策略.
研究的目的:
- 评估波兰2021年脑膜炎和脑炎的流行病发病率.
- 分析COVID-19大流行对神经感染率的影响.
主要方法:
- 分析来自省卫生和流行病学站的数据.
- 利用已发表的公告:"2021年波兰的传染病和中毒事件"和"2021年波兰的保护性疫苗接种".
- 整合了来自EpiBase系统的个别流行病学访谈.
主要成果:
- 2021年共有973例脑膜炎和/或脑炎病例被注册,比2020年增加16.1%,但比2019年减少57%.
- 细菌感染,包括神经病变,增加了38.3%. 在Neisseria meningitidis,Streptococcus pneumoniae和Haemophilus influenzae发病率中观察到显著的变化.
- 病毒感染占病例的47%,略有下降2%. 与2020年相比,传播性脑炎病例增加了32.9%.
结论:
- 2021年表明细菌性脑膜炎/脑炎的上升趋势,与2020年相比,病毒病例略有下降.
- 2021年的总体病例数仍然低于大流行前 (2019年) 的水平.
- 制COVID-19的措施可能减少了各种空气传播和液滴传播的病原体的传播,包括引起脑膜炎/脑炎的病原体.
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