美国退伍军人患有慢性阻塞性肺部疾病的热和冷浪相关死亡风险:一个案例交叉研究
Austin Rau1, Gillian A M Tarr1, Arianne K Baldomero2,3
1Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
极端天气,包括热浪和寒浪,在慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 的退伍军人中显著增加了死亡风险. 这项研究强调了有针对性的公共卫生干预措施的必要性,以保护恶劣天气事件期间的弱势群体.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 肺部病理学 肺部病理学
背景情况:
- 慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 影响了数百万人,增加了对环境极端事件的敏感性.
- 热浪和寒浪可以加重COPD的症状,并导致不良健康结果.
研究的目的:
- 量化COPD患者中与热和寒浪相关的死亡风险.
- 研究极端天气对高风险退伍军人群的影响.
主要方法:
- 一个案例交叉研究设计分析了来自377545名COPD已故退伍军人的个人数据 (2016-2021年).
- 条件后勤回归模型估计了热浪和寒浪期间死亡率的发病率比率 (IRR) 和可归因风险 (AR),检查了长达7天的滞后效应.
- 研究了人口统计因素对效果的改变.
主要成果:
- 热浪显示所有原因死亡风险立即增加 (IRR:1.04在滞后0).
- 寒冷波显示死亡风险延迟增加,峰值在滞后4 (IRR:1.04).
- 可归因风险表明,热浪和寒浪的死亡率负担显著,性别和种族之间观察到的差异.
结论:
- 极端温度对患有COPD的退伍军人构成重大死亡风险.
- 个人健康数据对于准确评估与天气有关的对弱势群体健康影响至关重要.
- 未来的研究应该专注于高风险人群和对极端天气事件的个性化风险评估.
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