在7岁儿童和成年人中,视觉人工语法学习跨越1年
Daniela K Schönberger1, Patrick Bruns1, Brigitte Röder2
1Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|February 9, 2024
概括
儿童和成年人可以从重复的视觉序列学习中形成长期记忆痕迹. 这种学习允许将规则概括为新的刺激,但没有发现儿童时期的优势.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 发展心理学是发展心理学.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 顺序的信息获取对发展至关重要,特别是语言获取.
- 儿童的统计学学习的长期存储仍然不太了解.
- 了解儿童如何学习和记住顺序信息对于教育和发展研究至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究儿童和成人统计学学习的长期存储和转移.
- 检查儿童在学习和记住序列规则方面是否比成年人有优势.
- 为了确定重复的序列学习是否导致形成持久的记忆痕迹.
主要方法:
- 一个纵向视觉序列学习任务在两年内对7岁儿童和年轻成年人进行了管理.
- 参与者完成了八次会议,在第一年和第二年之间有12个月的延迟.
- 使用了人工语法学习任务,交替学习和测试阶段,包括使用新兴刺激集进行转移测试.
主要成果:
- 儿童和成人均表现出顺序规律的学习,并在第一年表现出转移效应到新的刺激组.
- 在1年延迟期间,表现水平保持不变,这表明长期记忆的形成.
- 虽然两组在第二年继续改进熟悉的任务,但没有观察到额外的转移收益,成年人表现优于儿童,尽管转移效应类似.
结论:
- 重复的序列学习形成了长期记忆的痕迹,促进了学习规则的概括到新的视觉输入.
- 该研究没有发现证据支持儿童在学习或记住序列规则方面的优势.
- 研究结果表明,儿童和成年人都可以在长时间内建立和使用抽象序列表示.
更多相关视频
08:05Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
Published on: June 30, 2020
7.6K
10:11Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
Published on: December 14, 2012
18.5K
相关概念视频
Language Development
366
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
366
Associative Learning
362
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
Classical conditioning, also known...
362
