对注意力缺陷/多动症障碍和物质使用障碍之间的并发症的遗传贡献
Dora Koller1, Marina Mitjans2, Manuela Kouakou3
1Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Psychiatry research
|February 9, 2024
概括
遗传因素有助于注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 和物质使用障碍 (SUD) 的同时发生. 共享的遗传影响和类基因机制是ADHD和各种SUD之间的关系的基础,包括大麻,酒精和烟草使用障碍.
科学领域:
- 精神病学遗传学 精神病学遗传学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 注意缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 经常与物质使用障碍 (SUD) 一起发生.
- 了解ADHD和SUD的共同遗传基础对于开发有效的预防和治疗策略至关重要.
- 之前的研究表明一种复杂的关系,但精确的遗传架构仍未完全阐明.
研究的目的:
- 调查ADHD和几个SUD之间的关系背后的遗传相关性,因果关系,质性和多基因风险.
- 为了确定共同的遗传因素和助长ADHD和SUD共患病的多发性变体.
- 探索ADHD和特定SUD之间的遗传影响的方向性.
主要方法:
- 全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 的总结统计数据用于ADHD,大麻使用障碍 (CanUD),阿片类药物使用障碍 (OUD),问题性酒精使用 (PAU) 和问题性烟草使用 (PTU).
- 联系不平衡得分回归被用于评估遗传相关性.
- 进行了基因组结构方程建模,双样本门德尔随机化和多基因风险评分 (PRS) 分析,以调查因果关系,类型和共享多基因风险.
主要成果:
- 在ADHD和CanUD,OUD,PAU和PTU之间观察到显著的积极遗传相关性.
- 基因组结构方程建模确定了影响这些相关性的两个潜在因素:一个涉及ADHD,CanUD和PTU;另一个涉及OUD和PAU.
- 门德尔的随机化表明PAU和PTU对ADHD的因果关系,以及ADHD和CanUD之间的双向因果关系. 在ADHD和所有SUD之间发现了一种性SNP (在CADM2中rs62250713).
- 对OUD,CanUD和PAU的多基因风险得分与ADHD的几率增加有关.
结论:
- 多种类型的类型机制有助于ADHD和SUD之间的并发症.
- 共同的遗传因素在ADHD和各种物质使用障碍的同时发生中发挥着重要作用.
- 这些发现突显了ADHD和SUD之间的复杂遗传结构,为未来的研究和临床干预提供了洞察力.
相关概念视频
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
68
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
68
Human Genetics
570
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
570
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
167
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
167
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
476
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
476
Stress and Mental Health
157
Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
157
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs
366
Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
366


