外国工作的相对报酬:来自本国和东道国的新证据
Andrej Cupák1, Pavel Ciaian2, d'Artis Kancs2
1National Bank of Slovakia, Imricha Karvaša 1, 813 25, Bratislava, Slovakia; University of Economics in Bratislava, Dolnozemská Cesta 1, 852 35, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Social science research
|February 9, 2024
概括
移民在发展中国家和发达国家都面临着工资差距,即使考虑到生产率. 这种工资差距与未观察到的工作特征和技能有关,而不是主要是劳动力市场歧视.
科学领域:
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 劳动经济学 劳动经济学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 现有文献证实,发达经济体的移民与本地工资差距为负.
- 关于发展中国家工资差异的经验证据仍然很少.
- 本研究探讨了发展中国家的移民与本地工资差距.
研究的目的:
- 调查过渡期和发展中国家的移民-本土工资差距.
- 量化生产力和非生产力因素在工资差异中的作用.
- 探索劳动力市场机构和歧视对工资差距的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自6个转型/发展中国家和15个经合组织国家的150万个人的协调微数据 (1995-2016).
- 采用反事实分解技术 (Blinder-Oaxaca) 来控制个人和工作特征.
- 进行了跨国相关性分析,以检查未观察到的因素与工资差距之间的联系.
主要成果:
- 布林德尔-奥阿萨卡分解解释了观察到的移民-本土工资差距的74%.
- 来自发展中经济体的工人在国内和发达的东道主劳动力市场都会享受工资折扣.
- 即使在控制生产率差异之后,一个显著的不明原因的工资差距 (≥26%) 仍然存在.
- 没有观察到的工作特征和技能与工资差距的相关性比劳动力市场机构或歧视更强.
结论:
- 移民-本土工资差距存在于发展中国家,受生产率以外的因素的影响.
- 在技能和职位特征上没有观察到的差异是工资差距的关键驱动因素.
- 虽然劳动力市场歧视和机构发挥着作用,但它们的影响是次要的,而不是观察到的因素.
相关概念视频
02:16Measures of Central Tendency
16.0K
The "center" of a data set is also a way of describing location. The two most widely used measures of the "center" of the data are the mean (average) and the median. The words "mean" and "average" are often used interchangeably. The substitution of one word for the other is common practice. The technical term is "arithmetic mean" and "average" is technically a center location. However, in practice among non-statisticians,...
16.0K
01:38Cognitive Dissonance
32.6K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
32.6K
01:25The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic
7.2K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.2K
00:52Social Proof
27.7K
Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.
27.7K
01:21Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks
196
Friedman's Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks is a nonparametric test designed to identify differences across multiple test attempts when traditional assumptions of normality and equal variances do not apply. Unlike conventional ANOVA, which requires normally distributed data with equal variances, Friedman's test is ideal for ordinal or non-normally distributed data, making it particularly useful for analyzing dependent samples, such as matched subjects over time or repeated measures...
196
01:22Bias
4.2K
Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
4.2K