可识别的受害者影响在亲社会决策中的神经机制
Hailing Zhao1, Yashi Xu1, Lening Li2
1School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Human brain mapping
|February 10, 2024
概括
人们对可识别的受害者给予的更多,而不是匿名的受害者. 脑部扫描显示,双边关节 (TPJ) 在匿名受害者中更活跃,这表明抽象个体的心理更深.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 可识别的受害者效应表明对特定个体而不是抽象群体的亲社会行为增加.
- 驱动可识别的受害者效应及其与帮助成本的关系的神经机制尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 使用功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 调查可识别的受害者效应的神经基础.
- 检查可识别的受害者效应如何影响亲社会决策,在不同的帮助成本 (金钱与身体努力) 下.
主要方法:
- 功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 用于监测大脑活动.
- 参与者完成了两个任务,涉及决定帮助可识别或匿名的受害者,并承担货币或物理努力成本.
- 分析了关于帮助选择和神经活动的行为数据.
主要成果:
- 在行为上观察到一个显著的可识别的受害者效应,参与者更喜欢在两个任务中帮助可识别的受害者.
- 双边关节 (TPJ) 活动的增加与涉及匿名受害者的决策有关,这可能反映了精神化的增加.
- 功能连接分析显示,TPJ通过与中间前额叶皮层的连接影响价值判断.
结论:
- 可识别的受害者效应是一个强有力的现象,影响着亲社会决策,即使成本不同.
- TPJ在处理抽象与具体的受害者方面发挥着至关重要的作用,可能是通过对匿名个人的强化心理.
- 涉及TPJ和中间前额叶皮层的神经通路对于理解可识别的受害者效应的心理和神经基础至关重要.
更多相关视频
06:42Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
Published on: September 28, 2018
11.6K
05:48The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
Published on: June 12, 2020
5.7K
相关概念视频
Egoism and Altruism
92.0K
Voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people is called prosocial behavior. Why do people help other people? Is personal benefit such as feeling good about oneself the only reason people help one another?
92.0K
Fundamental Attribution Error
12.9K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
12.9K
Empathy
9.6K
Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor.
9.6K
Bystander Effect
9.6K
The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
9.6K
Social Proof
27.7K
Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.
27.7K
Deindividuation
26.4K
Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
26.4K
