空间尺度对建筑环境和认知功能之间的关联的影响:动脉样硬化多民族研究
Jingjing Li1, Jana A Hirsch2, Yvonne L Michael2
1Department of Land Resources Management, School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
Health & place
|February 10, 2024
概括
靠近可步行和社交目的地支持维持处理速度 (PS). 这些认知效益随着距离的增长而减少,特别是在人口较少的地区,这凸显了建筑环境研究中空间规模的重要性.
科学领域:
- 环境心理学环境心理学
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 城市规划是城市规划.
背景情况:
- 建筑环境可以影响认知功能.
- 以前的研究往往忽略了空间尺度对这些关联的影响.
- 了解空间尺度对于准确测量建筑环境暴露及其对健康的影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究建筑环境特征 (可步行目的地[WD]和社会目的地[SD]) 与住宅之间的距离如何影响认知功能的变化.
- 检查空间尺度对建筑环境暴露和认知变化之间的关联的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用空间分布式滞后建模 (DLM) 来分析来自动脉样硬化多民族研究 (N=1380,平均年龄67) 的数据.
- 在两个考试期 (2010-2012年和2016-2018年) 之间,评估认知功能作为维护/改进的处理速度 (PS) 和全球认知 (GC).
- 来自国家建立时间序列的建筑环境数据.
主要成果:
- 更接近住宅的可步行和社交目的地的更高可用性与维护/改进的公共公共服务相关.
- PS与目的地之间的积极关联随着距离的减少而减少,WD大约为1.9公里,SD大约为1.5公里.
- 这些关联在人口密度较高的地区最强.
- 几乎没有证据表明建筑环境与任何距离的全球认知 (GC) 变化之间存在关联.
结论:
- 建筑环境暴露的空间规模显著改变了它们与认知功能的关联,特别是处理速度.
- 靠近可步行和社交目的地似乎是保持处理速度最有利的.
- 未来的研究应该仔细考虑和定义适当的空间尺度,以阐明将建筑环境与认知健康联系在一起的机制.
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