免疫遗传-病原体网络缩小了Tome的棘鼠,一个普遍的动物居住扰乱的景观
Ramona Fleischer1, Georg Joachim Eibner1,2,3, Nina Isabell Schwensow1
1Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Communications biology
|February 10, 2024
概括
人类干扰通过改变宿主-病原体关系影响野生动物. 这项研究揭示,扰乱的环境削弱了通用主义物种的共同进化联系,可能会增加动物传播疾病的出现.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 动物传染病研究研究
背景情况:
- 人类引起的干扰可以促进动物传播疾病的出现.
- 居住在人类附近的通用物种可能会作为动物感染病原体的储存库.
- 人类干扰对宿主-病原体共同进化动态的影响在一般学家中仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查不同程度的人为干扰如何影响病原体多样性和宿主-病原体共同进化在一般性动物物种.
- 为了确定MHCII类多样性和特定的等位基因-病原体关联是否受到人类干扰的改变.
- 评估景观干扰与宿主群体全基因组多样性之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 评估了三种雨林景观中的动物的病原体多样性,中性全基因组多样性 (SNP) 和适应性MHCII类多样性,干扰程度不同.
- 已识别的MHC等位基因经常与胃肠道线虫,血液三子体和病毒一起发生.
- 在原始森林和受破坏森林遗址之间比较了病原体特异性选择压力和MHC病原体关联.
主要成果:
- 病原体特定的选择压力在各个景观中差异很大.
- 全基因组的多样性随着人为干扰的增加而减少.
- 只有在最受破坏的景观中,MHC多样性才减少,与原始森林相比,观察到的功能性MHC-病原体关联较少.
结论:
- 人类的干扰削弱了一般宿主及其病原体之间的共同进化关系.
- 在被破坏的景观中减少的MHC病原体关联可能会改变寄生虫介导的选择.
- 这些变化可能会促进宿主切换,并增加动物传播疾病出现的风险.
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